一：网络连接测试

  • windows：ipconfig
  • linux：ifconfig
  • 采用ping命令，检测网络连通性；

二：网络连接模式

2.1 桥接模式

虚拟机直接连接外部物理网络的模式，主机起到了网桥的作用。这种模式下，虚拟机可以直接访问外部网络，并且对外部网络是可见的。占用IP资源；

2.2 NAT模式

虚拟机和主机构建一个专用网络，并通过虚拟网络地址转换（NAT）设备对IP进行转换。虚拟机通过共享主机IP可以访问外部网络，但外部网络无法访问虚拟机。

PC主机也属于外部网络设备，如何解决自己的PC机访问虚拟机呢？

VMware 在我们的PC机上虚拟了网卡，通过它我们与虚拟机进行网络通信。

图解：

2.3 仅主机模式

虚拟机只与主机共享一个专用网络，与外部网络无法通信。

三：修改静态 IP

3.1 查看当前 IP 配置信息

使用的网卡：ens33

使用的IP：172.16.80.128

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[root@hadoop100 ~]# ifconfig
# 当前正在使用的网卡
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 172.16.80.128  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 172.16.80.255
        inet6 fe80::e4c4:6675:18b7:2a07  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:2f:4b:6c  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 472392  bytes 666108098 (635.2 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 221586  bytes 13463899 (12.8 MiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
# 回环
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 8  bytes 672 (672.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 8  bytes 672 (672.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
# 虚拟机内部虚拟的网卡
virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.122.1  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.122.255
        ether 52:54:00:cb:22:09  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

3.2 修改 IP

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[root@hadoop100 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33 
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# 修改前
TYPE="Ethernet"
PROXY_METHOD="none"
BROWSER_ONLY="no"
BOOTPROTO="dhcp"
DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6INIT="yes"
IPV6_AUTOCONF="yes"
IPV6_DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE="stable-privacy"
NAME="ens33"
UUID="83568189-0a43-4b75-ad3b-babee2ade453"
DEVICE="ens33"
ONBOOT="yes"
IPV6_PRIVACY="no"

# 修改后
TYPE="Ethernet"
PROXY_METHOD="none"
BROWSER_ONLY="no"
BOOTPROTO="static"
DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6INIT="yes"
IPV6_AUTOCONF="yes"
IPV6_DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE="stable-privacy"
NAME="ens33"
UUID="83568189-0a43-4b75-ad3b-babee2ade453"
DEVICE="ens33"
ONBOOT="yes"
IPV6_PRIVACY="no"
# 配置静态IP
# IP地址
IPADDR=172.16.80.100
# 网关
GATEWAY=172.16.80.2
# 域名解析器
DNS1=172.16.80.2

3.3 重启服务

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[root@hadoop100 ~]# service network restart 
Restarting network (via systemctl):                        [  确定  ]

查看当前配置，修改成功；

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[root@hadoop100 ~]# ifconfig
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 172.16.80.100  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 172.16.255.255
        inet6 fe80::e4c4:6675:18b7:2a07  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:2f:4b:6c  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 472425  bytes 666113613 (635.2 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 221637  bytes 13471275 (12.8 MiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 8  bytes 672 (672.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 8  bytes 672 (672.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.122.1  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.122.255
        ether 52:54:00:cb:22:09  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

四：主机名配置

4.1 修改文件

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[root@hadoop100 ~]# hostname
hadoop100
[root@hadoop100 ~]# vim /etc/hostname 
[root@hadoop100 ~]# reboot

4.2 命令修改

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[root@hadoop100 ~]# hostnamectl 
   Static hostname: hadoop100
         Icon name: computer-vm
           Chassis: vm
        Machine ID: 39df9729a6ec4ccba224bc5857c84886
           Boot ID: a45d9de9a8ab481ca0c95be5c3640020
    Virtualization: vmware
  Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
       CPE OS Name: cpe:/o:centos:centos:7
            Kernel: Linux 3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64
      Architecture: x86-64
[root@hadoop100 ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname spark100
[root@hadoop100 ~]# hostname
spark100

4.3 配置主机映射文件

（1）Linux 主机修改

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[root@hadoop100 ~]# vim /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

172.16.80.100 hadoop100
172.16.80.101 hadoop101
172.16.80.102 hadoop102
172.16.80.103 hadoop103
172.16.80.104 hadoop104

（2）windows 主机修改

C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts

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172.16.80.100 hadoop100
172.16.80.101 hadoop101
172.16.80.102 hadoop102
172.16.80.103 hadoop103
172.16.80.104 hadoop104

（3）检验是否生效

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[root@hadoop100 ~]# ping hadoop100
PING hadoop100 (172.16.80.100) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from hadoop100 (172.16.80.100): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.075 ms
64 bytes from hadoop100 (172.16.80.100): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.038 ms
64 bytes from hadoop100 (172.16.80.100): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.037 ms
^C
--- hadoop100 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2001ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.037/0.050/0.075/0.017 ms

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C:\Users\lenovo>ping hadoop100

正在 Ping hadoop100 [172.16.80.100] 具有 32 字节的数据:
来自 172.16.80.100 的回复: 字节=32 时间<1ms TTL=64
来自 172.16.80.100 的回复: 字节=32 时间=1ms TTL=64
来自 172.16.80.100 的回复: 字节=32 时间=1ms TTL=64

172.16.80.100 的 Ping 统计信息:
    数据包: 已发送 = 3，已接收 = 3，丢失 = 0 (0% 丢失)，
往返行程的估计时间(以毫秒为单位):
    最短 = 0ms，最长 = 1ms，平均 = 0ms